القصة Chapter 1 The Mask Of Gold Novel

3rd year
The Mask Of Gold Novel

introduction
The historical background about the Incas
* The Incas ruled over a huge area of south America " The Chimu people." They conquered The Chimu who were famous for their gold and silver work . Their empire extended from Colombia in the north to Chile in the south . They built great cities and made beautiful things .
* There was something amazing about the Incas. They didn't have any writing and yet they controlled
a huge empire .
* The Incas were tough because they lived at high altitudes .
* To ensure the loyalty of the Chimu, the Incas allowed their kings to rule. In addition ,they sent the
Chimu kings' sons to Cuzco .
* There were similarities between the Inca civilization and the Ancient Egyptian civilization .
* Through differences, we knew that the Ancient Egyptian civilization is more human and superior than
the Incas .
* In other words , they didn't sacrifice the children to please their gods . They didn't kill women and
servants to be buried with the kings either as the Incas did .
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Characterization

Dr.Hafez : A well-known archaeologist (the leader of the team ) D
Leila EI-Assabv : A research assistant at Cairo university
Amalia Guzman : A local archaeologist
Ramon : A small worker
Pablo Alvarez : works for the Peruvian Ministry of Culture
Martin Lander : A mining engineer ( a thief / a swindler )
Samira : Leila's sister ( a reporter on one of the Cairo newspapers)

Leila El-Assabv
*a) She took up archaeology :
She is a research assistant at the university of Cairo When she was young , she loved listening to Dr Hafez, who is a well- known archaeologist. He used to tell her and her family about the work he was doing as he was her father's friend. Sometimes Dr Hafez would show them pictures of things he had found. Things that were thousands of years old . Leila decided to follow his footsteps
*b) Leila's achievements :
Leila made many achievements in the land of Inca :
1- She made important discoveries like the gold 'llama and the gold mask.
2- She discovered a new Inca site on her way to Acomayo with Amalia .
3- She helped the police to catch a thief called Martin Lander who had stolen valuable artifacts .In this
way, she put an end to his career in archaeology .
*c) Leila was helpful:
She helped Amalia when she was injured, she made use of her knowledge of first aid by making splint and then she went to seek for help.
*d) Leila was brave and heroine :
1- She went to Peru to discover Inca treasures
2- She faced Lander in the tomb
3- She got into Lander's truck to hit the plane .
4- She went with Amalia to catch Lander

*e) She was a girl of principles
1. Dr Hafez was a family friend so she refused to study under his supervision as people might say he was giving her special treatment.
2. She was honest as she thought all treasures they found must stay in Peru.
3. She determined to save Amalia and refused to leave her.
*f) She was curious فضولية
When she saw the light coming out of the tomb , she decided to go and see for herself.
*g) To what extent was Leila lucky محظوظة
1- she discovered the llama and the gold mask.
2- Lander didn't attack her in the tomb.
3- She was lucky to find help for Amalia.
*h) To what extent was Leila willing to help others ( helpful) متعاونة
1- She accepted the new position to help Dr Hafez.
2- She determined to save Amalia and refused to leave her.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Dr Hafez
*A well-known archaeologist;
He was an old friend of Leila's family. He was doing excavation high up in the Andes. mountains. He used to tell Leila about the work and showed her family pictures of things he had found So, Leila decided to follow his footsteps .
*His work in Luxor in the valley of the Nobles :
Leila and Dr Hafez worked together at the valley of the Nobles They discovered a tomb, which had wonderful paintings birds and animals.
*c) His work in Peru :
He tried to discover the similarities and differences between the ways the Incas and the Ancient Egyptians buried their dead .
*His wise policy ;
When Leila told him about Amalia's unfriendly feelings towards her, he advised her to make friends with Amalia as they were of the same age and they were both archaeologists. He trusted Amalia and couldn't believe that Amalia would do anything wrong. He brought Leila to Peru and made her in charge of a team as she was an experienced archaeologist and her previous experience would be useful there .
*His intelligence:
He played a trick on Pablo to make him confess the truth when he told him the police had caught Lander.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Amalia Guzman

She was one of the local archaeologists working on Dr Hafez's excavation . She was a good hard working member of the excavation Amalia didn't seem to be friendly to Leila . She felt jealous of her. She thought Dr Hafez brought Leila to Peru just because he was a family friend . Amalia was working under the supervision of Leila .
*A wicked deed :
Amalia plotted against Leila out of jealousy. She put a gold rabbit among Leila's work clothes to be suspected by the police. However, she went to the police and cleared Leila . She justified her wicked deed saying :
1- Leila was in charge of the excavating team and she wanted to be in charge.
2- Leila discovered the gold mask and she would get all the credit.
*once more:
They became true friends as they arranged to catch Martin .On their way to Acomayo, their car crashed and they had an accident. Amalia was badly injured yet, she had the toughness of an ancient Inca.
*Dr Hafez's reward :
Dr Hafez rewarded Amalia by sending her to a new Inca site on the road to Acomayo to lead the team excavating the new site .
Martin Lander
*His identity :
He was African . He was the man sitting beside Leila on the plane to Peru. He told Leila that he was a mining engineer. He said he was going to Peru to look for places where there were other interesting things to find rather than copper silver. He worked all over Peru. He was based in the U.S.A., but he spent a few months every year in Peru . He had an American passport , but he was born in south Africa
*A thief :
He turned to be one of the thieves who found gold and silver things and took them out of the country. He helped people to steal things from excavations .
*Martin was a wicked man and swindler :
He used to work as a mining engineer. He worked with Amalia's father and persuaded him to put up some of his money for a new silver mine, but it wasn't true. There was no mine and Amalia's father lost all his money.
*Martin was a liar :
He said he was working for United Mining in Peru . When Leila logged onto the internet , she discovered that mining operations in Peru ended in 1999 .He was Amalia's friend and found her a job in archeology . He lied to Amalia's father and caused him to be poor and lose all his money.
*His arrest ;
He tried to steal some valuables from the tomb and tried to leave Peru , the police phoned Immigration Department at the airport. They thought he had a false name and a false passport , so it would be difficult to catch him .After stealing artefacts, he went to Acomayo, there was another excavation taking place . In the end, he was arrested with
the help of Leila.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Ramon

He was one of the people working on the excavation project, He was a small man . That's why Dr Hafez let him slip through a hole in the wall. He discovered a gold figure of the child .It meant that the Incas sacrificed their children to please their gods .
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Pablo Alvarez

1- He worked for the Peruvian Ministry of Culture .
2- He makes a note of everything found .
3- He was one of the committee which advised the UNESCO representative about the excavation project.
4- Pablo told Dr Hafez that he worked with Martin before. He was offered a lot of money by Martin for
the gold mask . He arranged to meet Martin to help him escape .
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Samira

She is Leila's sister. She is a reporter on one of the Cairo newspapers . She is always looking for good articles for her paper. She is so funny that you forget you are nervous or worried with her. She is wonderful and so full of enthusiasm Unlike Leila , she never worries about anything .
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ



Chapter 1
To the land of the Incas Novel


Vocabulary

empire إمبراطورية adventure مخاطرة laser أشعة ليزر
at its height
فى قمتها
traffic jams ازدحام pause يتوقف ـ يتأنى
stretch يمتد nervous عصبى title عنوان
coasts شواطئ truth الصدق article مقال
inland داخل البلاد packing حزم الأمتعة headlines مانشتات
extend يمتد funny مضحك ، مسلى enthusiasm حماس
Across عبر worried قلق honk يطلق نفير السيارة
wake up يستيقظ Andes جبل الإنديز horn نفير ( كلاكس )
lie (lay-lain) ينام altitude ارتفاع flight رحلة طيران
neighbourhood منطقة مجاورة control يسيطر على sob يبكى
melons بطيخ conquer ينتصر ، يغزو reporter مراسل
distant بعيد nobles نبلاء excited سعيد ، مثار
roar زئير details تفاصيل it's all over انتهت
sigh يتنهد technique التقنية safe أمن ، سالم
figure شكل ـ تمثال صغير paper جريدة ـ صحفية set off يرحل
excavation حفر ، تنقيب treasure كنز to date يحدد فترة الزمن
shiver رعشة archaeology
علم الآثار keep in touch with
يظل على اتصال
researchers باحثين carbon-dating طريقة حساب عمر الأشياء بقياس كمية نوع معين من الكربون فيه

Questions and answers

1) How did the photo by Leila's bed show her?

It Showed her looking at the camera and holding up a little gold figure of an animal.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
2) What did this photo remind Leila of ?

It reminded her of a good day in Peru when they discovered the gold figure of an animal in a tomb
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
3) What was Dr Hafez?

He was the leader of the Egyptian excavation team in Peru.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
4) Why was Dr Hafez looking for a king's tomb?

To find some of the Chimu gold and silver work.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
5) What did Samira warn her sister Leila of on leaving for Peru?

She warned her sister Leila of falling off a mountain.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
6) How were Leila and Samira different?

Samira is so funny and easy. She rarely worries. But Leila always worries about everything.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
7) What was amazing about the Incas?

They did not have any writing, however they controlled a huge empire.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
What were the Chimu famous for?

They were famous for their gold and silver work.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
9) Why were the Incas tough?

Because they used to live at high altitudes.
10) What was the relation between the Incas and the Chimu?

The Incas conquered the Chimu who were famous for their gold and silver work. Most Incas gold work was actually made by the Chimu people.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
11) Why was Leila excited to be going to Peru ?

Because it was the first time for her to go to south America .
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
12) What important things were Leila taking to Dr. Hafez?

A small laser machine and details of a new technique developed by the department of archaeology in Cairo.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
13) What was the Laser machine used for?

It was used for dating old things.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
14) Why did Leila consider the machine a secret ?

Because they wanted to be the first to use it.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Completion

1) Leila remembered that she was back home in Cairo when ....................................
She heard the familiar sounds of the neighborhood children playing in the street, the call of the man selling melons and the distant roar of traffic.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
2) The photo on the table beside Leila's bed was ............................................
hers looking at the camera and having a little gold figure of an animal.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
3) Samira asked Leila to tell Dr Hafez to take good care of her because ............................
his excavation work was high up in the mountain and she didn't want Leila to fall off the Andes.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
4) Leila was excited to be going to Peru as ..............................................
it was the first time she had gone there.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
5) Leila took Dr Hafez a small laser machine which ………………….……..
dated old things made of wood or cloth.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
6) Leila worked as ..................................................
a research assistant at Cairo University. She was an archeologist.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
7) Samira worked as ..................................................
a reporter on one of the Cairo newspapers.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Unlike Samira who was funny, Leila .............................................
was worried about everything.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
9) Samira drove Leila to the airport because ......................................
Leila was going to fly to Peru.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
10) Leila didn't want anybody to know about the laser machine because ............
they wanted to be the first to use it.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
11) The Incas were tough because ......................................................
they lived at high altitudes in mountains.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
12) The Incas did not have any writing, however, ................................
they controlled a huge empire.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
13) The Incas conquered the Chimu who ………………………….........
were famous for their gold and silver work.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
14) It would be wonderful to find a king's tomb because ……………………………
they would find things made by the Chimu
15) Most Inca gold work was made ……………………………
by the Chimu people.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
16) Only kings and nobles had ...........................................
kept things made of gold in their tombs
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Quotations

"I sighed. I wasn't in Peru any more. I was home."
تنفست الصعداء فلم أعد فى بيرو بل كنت فى البيت.
a) Who said these words to whom?
Leila said these words to herself.

b) Why did the speaker sigh?
Because she was back home safe.

c) Why was the speaker in Peru?
To help Dr Hafez with his excavation work. البحث عن الآثار
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
"It was a picture of me. I was looking at the camera and holding up a little gold figure of an animal.
كانت صورة لى وأنا أنظر الى الكاميرا ممسكة بتمثال لحيوان صغير مصنوع من الذهب.
a) Who said these words to whom?
Leila said these words to herself.

b) What was that little gold figure of an animal?
A gold llama.

c) Who found that figure and where?
Leila found it in a cave كهف in Peru.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
“Yes, that was a good day. But some of the days after that were not so good.”
حقا لقد كان يوما جيدا. و لكن بعض الأيام التى تلت لم تكن جيدة.
a) Who said this to whom?
Leila said this to herself.

b) What was that good day?
It was the day when Leila discovered a little gold figure تمثال of an animal.

c) How did the speaker feel when he / she remembered the bad days?
She felt a shiver رعشة down her back الظهر.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
“Yes, of course I'm excited. I’ve never been to South America before.”
نعم أنا قلقة بالطبع فلم أسافر إلى أمريكا الجنوبية من قبل.
a) Who said this to whom?
Leila said this to Samira.

b) Why was the speaker going to South America?
To help Dr Hafez with his excavation work.

c) Why was the speaker nervous?
Because she was afraid of flying.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
"I'm her sister but I'm not at all like her."
أنا أختها و لكننى لا أشبهها على الإطلاق.
a) Who was the speaker?
Leila.

b) How was she different from her sister?
Leila was worried about everything.

c) What is the job of each?
Leila is an archaeologist while Samira is a reporter on one of the Cairo newspapers.

“You must tell Dr Hafez to take good care of you.”
يجب أن تخبرى د. حافظ بأن يعتنى بك عناية فائقة.
a) Who said this to whom?
Samira said this to Leila.

b) Who is Dr Hafez?
He is a famous Egyptian archaeologist and he worked in Peru in an excavation project helped by UNESCO.

c) Why did Dr Hafez have to take good care of that person?
Because the excavation work was high up in the mountains.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
“Did you know, they didn’t have any writing. And yet they controlled a huge empire!"
هل تعلمين أنه لم يكن لديهم أى وسيلة للكتابة ومع ذلك فقد حكموا امبراطورية ضخمة.
a) Who said this to whom?
Leila said this to Samira.

b) Who were they talking about?
They were talking about the Incas.

c) What sort of people were those people? Why?
They were tough because they lived at high altitudes.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
The Incas conquered the Chimu, who were famous for their gold and silver work.”
نعم، انه يبحث عن مقبرة أحد ملوك التشيمو. فقد غزا الانكا التشيمو الذين اشتهروا بصناعتهم الذهبية و الفضية.
a) Who said this to whom?
Leila said this to Samira.

b) Who was looking for one of the Chimu kings?
Dr Hafez and his excavation team.

c) What was amazing about the Incas?
They controlled a huge empire although they didn’t have any writing.

ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
“If we discover a king's tomb, it would be wonderful to find some of their work."
إذا اكتشفنا مقبرة أحد الملوك فسيكون شيئا رائعا أن نجد بعضا من مصنوعاتهم.
a) Who said this to whom?
Leila said this to Samira.

b) Who was looking for a king’s tomb?
Dr Hafez and his excavation team.

c) Whose work was the speaker talking about?
She was talking about the Chimu gold and silver work.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
“I'm also taking Dr Hafez a small machine and details of a new technique developed by the department of archaeology here in Cairo.”
كما أنى أحمل معى للدكتور حافظ آلة صغيرة و بعض التفاصيل عن أسلوب جديد تم تطويره فى قسم الآثار هنا فى القاهرة.
a) Who said this to whom?
Leila said this to Samira.

b) Why did the speaker take these things to Dr Hafez?
To help them with their excavation work in Peru.

c) What was the importance أهمية of these things?
They were used to date old things made of cloth or wood.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ




“No, it uses a small laser to date things. It's the latest technology and all very new”
لا، إنها تستخدم شعاعا صغيرا من الليزر لتحديد عمر الأشياء. وهى أحدث تكنولوجيا، و هى فكرة جديدة تماما
a) Who said this to whom?
Leila said this to Samira.

b) Who was the speaker taking the small laser? Why?
She was taking it to Dr Hafez to help them in their excavation work in Peru.

c) What do you know about this machine?
It is used to date old things like wood and cloth. It gives out a laser beam شعاع and the date is shown on a dial.القرص
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
"We're hoping to use it in our excavation in Peru."
إننا نأمل أن نستخدمها فى اكتشافاتنا الأثرية فى بيرو.
a) Who said this to whom?
Leila said this to Samira.


b) What is the thing they arc hoping to use?
A new technique used to date old things.

c) Who developed this thing?
Researchers in Cairo.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Not many people know about it, so, yes, it is sort of secret."
قلة من الناس يعرفون ذلك ،و من ثم، نعم هو أمر سرى.
a) Who said this to whom?
Leila said this to her sister.

b) What is she talking about?
a new technique developed in Cairo.

c) Why do they want to keep it secret?
because they want to be the first to use it.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
“I’ll miss you too. I'm not very good at keeping in touch when I’m working."
سأفتقدك أنا أيضا فأنا لا أجيد المواظبة على الاتصال عندما أعمل
a) Who said these words to whom?
Leila said these words to Samira.

b) Where is the speaker going to work?
She is going to work in Peru.

c) How will the speaker keep in touch?
She will send a postcard or an e-mail.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ